Multiple intelligences

Einstein said "the true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination "

Platon said "intelligence is an activity that acquires science "

Socrates said "I know that I’m intelligent because I know that I know nothing "

for centuries philosophers have tried to find a definition for intelligence and measure it , but till now all the definitions and theories are not a 100% true and among all these theories there is a Theory which called “Multiple Intelligences ” proposed by HowardGardner in 1983 . so what is this theory
about ??

THE THEORY OF MULTIPLE 

In his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences , Howard said that there are 8 types of intelligence instead of a single general ability and each one of us has all these types among himself with different degrees. These types are :
1- Musical-rhythmic intelligence
Deals with tones rhythm pitch music …. , people with high musical intelligence usually have a very good pitch they can sing and play musical instuments and compose music.

• musicians ( Beethoven)

2- Visual-spatial intelligence
Deals with the 3 dimensional world around us, people with a high visual intelligence have a good special judgment.

• painters and architects ( Leonardo da Vinci )

3- Verbal-linguistic intelligence
Deals with words and languages people with a high verbal intelligence usually are good at writing and reading and telling stories memorizing words

• Poets (William Shakespeare)

4- Logical-mathematical intelligence
Deals with numbers and logical expression , reasoning , abstractions , people with a high logical intelligence are usually good at mathematical issues and critical thinking

• Mathematicians (AlanTuring)

5- Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
Deals with the body’s elements and all the physical objects . people with a high bodily intelligence are usually good at using their bodies perfectly and handle the objects skillfully

• Dancers (Michael Jackson )

6-Intrapersonal intelligence
It’s the capacity to deeply understand one’s self , what one’s strengths or weaknesses , the capacity to predict one’s reactions and emotions
7-Interpersonal intelligence
It’s the capacity to understand others , predict their reactions and feelings , their strengths and weaknesses

• Psychologist (phil Mcgraw)

8-Naturalistic intelligence
This type is not a part of Gardner’s original 7 types , it was added later on 1995 ,
“If I were to rewrite Frames of Mind today, I would probably add an eighth intelligence - the intelligence of the naturalist. It seems to me that the individual who is able readily to recognize flora and fauna, to make other consequential distinctions in the natural world, and to use this ability productively (in hunting, in farming, in biological science) is exercising an important intelligence and one that is not adequately encompassed in the current list " Gardner, H. (1995). Reflections on multiple intelligences.
It’s the capacity to discriminate among all existing things.

Gardner later suggested that Existential and moral intelligences may also be worthy of inclusion
After his theory a lot of philosophers and thinkers opposed the idea of categorizing intelligence because it will restrict learners to one specific learning method But he responded by saying that we should not label learners to a specific intelligence and the goal of this theory is to empower learners not restrict them.